Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet

 Born February 24, 1743 - Died June 19, 1820

Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet was an English botanist and naturalist.

Banks was born in London on February 24th, 1743 and grew up in Linconshire where his father was a wealthy country squire. Banks was educated at Harrow School and Eton College. He attended Oxford and never receive a degree. Through out his young life Banks was interested in the natural world and botany especially, he hired a botanist, with his own money, to give a series of lectures at Oxford the last year he attended.

At the age of 23, Banks and a school friend traveled to Newfoundland and Labrador. The purpose of the journey was to learn as much as possible about the natural history of the area. He made a name for himself by publishing the first Linnean, a rank based classification for organisms, descriptions of the plants and animals of Newfoundland and Labrador.

From 1768 to 1771, Banks departed on a joint Royal Navy/Royal Society scientific expedition. The expedition, headed to the South Pacific, was James Cook's first expedition. The expedition took them to Brazil, New Zealand and to Australia where Cook made land at Botany Bay. There the expedition spent 7 weeks while the ship was repaired from damage it received on the Great Barrier Reef.

During the 7 weeks in Australia, Banks and the other scientific members of the expedition, made the first major collection of Australian flora. Banks' team described, collected and illustrated more than 800 different species from Australia.

When the expedition returned to England in 1771, Banks became instantly famous. He had intended on departing with Cook for his second expedition the following year. The Royal Navy withdrew their offer for Banks to go along when they became upset with Banks over scientific demands he was making for the vessel.

Over the next decade, Banks made local expeditions to Scotland, Iceland and other places collecting more botanical samples. In 1778 he was elected as President of the Royal Society, he held the position for 41 years.

In 1779, Banks gave testimony in the House of Commons regarding the colonization of Australia. Banks testified there was no better tract of land to receive convicts then Botany Bay. For the next 20 years Banks was regarded as the general adviser for all matters regarding Australia.

In 1781, Banks was made a Baronet and an informal adviser to King George III regarding the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. In 1797, the position of adviser became official. Banks dispatched explorers all over the world to collect botanical samples. Through his efforts the Kew Gardens became the per-eminent botanical garden of the time.

Banks passed away on June 19th, 1820.

Banks was a member of Inverness Lodge No. 4367. Records indicate he joined the lodge sometime before setting out on the 1st Cook expedition.

This article provided by Brother Eric C. Steele.